How To Masturbate for Women

Masturbation is considered by many to be the cornerstone of sexual health. Because you get to do it by yourself, on your own terms, it’s probably the best way to learn what turns you on. Women are raised with little information about their genitals, and sex, including masturbation doesn’t come naturally for everyone. Some women orgasm from clitoral stimulation, others enjoy vaginal penetration or G spot stimulation. Remember, there’s no wrong way to masturbate; everyone is different! Below you'll find some tips on how to masturbate for women.
Difficulty: N/A
Time Required: 30 minutes to several hours
Here's How:

1. Get yourself in the mood for masturbation.
Relax as much as you can.Take a warm bath or have a glass of wine. Ensure your privacy: turn off the phone, lock the door, send the kids to a neighbor's. Find a comfy position. Most women start out lying on their backs, legs bent and spread apart, with feet on the ground. Remove most or all of your clothing.

2. Fantasize for masturbation.
Recall an exciting past sexual encounter or elaborate on a favorite sexual fantasy. If you need a boost, look at a sexy magazine, read an erotic story, or watch an adult video. Allow your mind to explore any images--anything goes as long as it heightens your excitement.

3. Explore all parts of your body.
Run your hands along parts of your body, lingering along areas that are more responsive to touch than others. Look at your genitals in a mirror (especially if you're unfamiliar with them) and caress the different parts to see what feels especially good. Find and touch your inner and outer labia, your clitoris, your vagina and your perineum.

4. Touch yourself.
Using one or two fingers, rhythmically stroke the different parts of your vulva, paying particular attention to your clitoris and labia. Experiment with different types of pressure, speed and motion. Try placing a finger on either side of the clitoris and stroking up and down, or placing two fingers on the clitoral hood and rubbing in a circular motion.

5. Experiment.
Try different types of touch: stroke, tickle, knead, pinch, or lightly pull your genitals. Try using one or several fingers, the palm of your hand, even your knuckles.

6. Build up excitement.
Learn to hold onto sexual excitement by building up and then reducing or temporarily stopping the stimulation. Pay attention to how your body is responding. It will tell you the particular stroke that feels best and when to pick up or slow down the tempo.

7. Breathe and rock.
Breathe deeply rather than hold your breath. This helps release the sexual energy, rather than fight it. Rock your pelvis as you would during intercourse. Rhythmically clench and release your PC muscle (using a dildo for vaginal penetration can help).

8. Getting over the top.
If your hand gets tired, give yourself a rest, switch hands, or try a vibrator. If you're on the brink of orgasm, but can't quite get over the hump, try altering you’re breathing, or focusing on a really hot fantasy. Give yourself extra stimulation: caress your nipples, or try also thrusting your other fingers or a dildo in and out of your vagina.

9. Ride the Wave.
As you begin to orgasm, continue the stimulation through the orgasm. Lighten up on the stimulation during the first extremely sensitive moments but keep it going to enjoy those little pleasurable aftershocks. Your first orgasm may feel like a blip or a blast, but the more you practice, the more variety you will experience.

10. Practice makes for perfect masturbation.
Don't worry if you don't come on your first try, keep practicing, or try some of the variations below.

Tips:

1. Vibrators take some of the manual labor out of masturbation by providing direct, intense physical stimulation to the clitoris.

2. Water helps many women learn to masturbate. Lie back with legs spread in a bath with a shower hose and direct the stream of water at your clitoris. Vary the pressure, the pulsation, and the temperature. Alternate methods: slide your butt over the drain so your legs are up in the air and your genitals are up under the tub faucet (rather awkward but do-able), or use Jacuzzi jets.

3. Rub against something--a pillow, the corner of some furniture, a dildo.

4. Dildos can be a pleasurable accompaniment to clitoral masturbation, as they offer the fullness of penetration and can also stimulate the G-Spot.

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Case studies on HIV-AIDS in Cambodia

During a 6 month period, Egyptian photographer Morsi visited AIDS wards in seven Cambodian hospitals where he met Cambodians, mostly women, who had contracted the virus. He ended up spending months with patients focusing on the human side of their tragedy. Women covered in these story are all dead now, but others have taken their place.

Over half of the world’s 40 million HIV-infected victims are in their adult productive prime of their life. Every year more than 11,000 more people get infected with HIV. While the eastern European countries and Asia are experiencing an alarming increase in the numbers of victims, Africa south of the Sahara has 25 million known cases which is so far the hardest hit area around the world. In Ukraine the number of people diagnosed with HIV has more than doubled since 2000 and today the country has the hardest hit in Europe. In Cambodia also it is estimated that around 1% of the population have HIV- AIDS, although the real numbers might be much higher. The women in Cambodia are facing one of the hardest cultural challenges in Asia; the cultural code “Chbap Srey”* from the mid 19th century, placing them at a lower position than men. This code also contributes to the fact, that Cambodia has the highest rates of domestic violence with thousand of women are being raped, tortured and physically abused by their husband or close male relatives. Women are not bound by law to obey the cultural code, but it also does not protect them from the invasive punishment they encounter from there society.

Srey Pleng
The Srey Sophorn hospital was filled with noise and the smell of disinfectants. Next to an old Toyota Land cruiser, belonging to the French MSF, people were eating lunch with the smell of burnt corpses from the nearby Buddhist crematorium. At the back of the complex I found hospital’s AIDS ward. The patientswith HIV- AIDS seemed pale and exhausted. Every movement required extreme effort and most of the patients just hung out. Most looked like they didn’t notice the world around them, however, every time I entered the room I was met with a stream of careful smiles. They moved Srey Pleng to another room, due to the lack of space. She didn’t like it. It was the male ward. Srey Pleng was 49 years old and was tested positive a year ago she got the infection from her husband few years before He died. Her youngest daughter Luot Sal Lge comes every day to take care of her mother and doesn’t attend any school. When I saw Srey for the first time, she had just been carried into the room, wrapped in her hammock. She looked like a human, whose soul had already found a channel out of her physical body. She had open wounds in her nose and mouth and flies were relentlessly trying to sit on the wounds.

Luot sat behind her mom and watched me. She then tapped her mom on the shoulder and whispered something in her ear. Srey opened her eyes and stared straight into me. Then she smiled with great effort. With this the end of her lips cracked and blood accumulated into a large drop which slowly crept down her cheek. I asked her if she was angry at her husband. My interpreter translated her tears: ‘No, she has forgiven him’.

Rom Chantol
Rom Chantol was 29 years old at the worn out ‘Russian hospital’ in Phnom Penh. The crowded hallways make this place look like city hall. If relatives didn’t come to look after their loved ones, the system would collapse and patients would not receive the care they need.

Rom was strongly affected by the diseases. She looked like a malnourished child in the wide wooden IKEA bed but she smiled at me all the time and made my time with her a pleasure.

Like the rest of the women I met, Rom came from a small village. In her case the Preveng district, not far from Phnom Penh. Her husband, unlike her, didn’t have full blown AIDS, but he has had HIV for the last 4 years. Rom was a housewife and didn’t know she had AIDS until the last stage. Her family took her to a clinic where a blood sample confirmed the doctors’ initial diagnosis. Her husband admitted having unprotected sex with a prostitute and a week later his test also came out positive. Working in the the salt mines in Kampot; South Cambodia her husband was aware about AIDS before the fatal visit to a prostitute, but he was drunk in a small town with no contraceptives at hand and hadn’t seen his wife for six weeks
“But what do I know about time and money?

Rom Chantol dreams her disease would disappear.

“I dream about my little garden before I go to bed – every day”, she said. “I have onions, cabbage and watermelons but I guess the kids in the village have probably eaten the whole lot by now” and then she laughed gently.

She was very angry with her husband in the beginning.

“Buddha shows me the way and that’s how women are raised in Cambodia. I have to forgive my husband. That’s just the way it is”. I asked her what she wanted to tell other women about AIDS, she replied. “Some women are better at taking care of their husband than I was. They must also remember to look after themselves”.

Rom Chantol had only fallen in love with one man in her entire life and married him. This man became the reason for her end. He came and slept on the floor next to her every day and when I asked him what he thought would happen he replied. “I come here to see what will happen to me”

Chan Sokny

The last patient I want to talk about is Chan Sokny. He is 34 years old and caught the disease from his first wife, who died ‘mysteriously’. Then he married his next wife and transmitted the virus to her. After he had been diagnosed HIV positive, Chan visited more than 20 girls over a period of six months.
He always had unprotected sex and if the girl refused he would find someone else. Usually a double payment (less than three American dollars) would turn on any girl.

Chan Sokny was at Calmette, the largest hospital in Cambodia and the central hospital in Phnom Penh. Even with the usual crowds it was a fair place, not as worn out and dirty as the Russian hospitals. The room was filled with families cooking for their relatives. People sat on the beds and the floor and leftover scraps and buckets of spits littered underneath the beds. Chan Sokny wanted me to tell his story so they didn’t make the same mistake. Regarding the multiple visits with the prostitutes he replied. “I was angry with my wife. My first wife. I was angry at women. My interpreter and now close friend added that anger was a very bad thing in Buddhism. “Every day I dream the same dream. I am swimming with my friends in the river. We did that every day. I still do it” he said. In the time I sat with him that day he never spoke a single word to his wife. She looked at him, but he never looked in her in the eyes. Not once.

Are we really that different as individuals or do we act on predetermined patterns of society and what they allow us? Why could these men not protect themselves and their wives? How could the women forgive them? Are our dreams and thoughts similar when we are faced with death? Why do we dream about our childhood and why do dreams turn simple when faced with the inevitable and probably the opposite when our daily lives turn trivial? This are some of the questions I ask myself when I think back about those people.

This article has been perceived and photographed by Morsi, an Egyptian photographer and written Tiarna-lee Hughes, a freelance Writer

*Chbap srey stipulates that an ideal woman (srey krab lakkana) is shy and reserved,does not go out alone and moves quietly without making a noise with her silk skirt, but can identify the merits of her husband and provide him with tactful advice. Chbap srey also stipulates ideal female sexuality: that is women should remain chaste until marriage, and, once married, should be faithful to their husbands. Mohammad Khairul Alam

The HIV/AIDS epidemic has developed into a major warning to human development— mainly in the poorest countries of the world. It spreads out depend on several social custom or norm prejudicial practice, such as gender discrimination, sexual violence, early marriage, trafficking, unsafe sex or exploitation of sex workers, transmission of other STDs, intravenous/injection drug uses. Socio-economic position and illiteracy also can makes vulnerable for HIV/AIDS. It is not only a public health issue but also one which is beginning to affect the dynamics of social, cultural, economic and developmental pace of the society we live in.

In the early days of the epidemic, men vastly outnumbered women among people infected with HIV. In 1997, women made up 41% of all people living with HIV. Today, nearly 50 percent of the global population of HIV infected persons are women. AIDS is now a leading cause of death among women aged 20-40 in Europe and North America. Worldwide, half of all new HIV infections are in young people aged 10 to 25, with teenager girls in some places as much as five times more at risk than teenager boys. The epidemic’s ‘feminization’ is most apparent in sub-Saharan Africa, where close to 60% of those infected are women, and 75% of young people infected are girls aged 15-24.

Being a girl or a boy, a woman or man, influences the nature of the risk for contracting HIV/AIDS and how a person experiences it. First, women are more physically susceptible to HIV/AIDS infection than men – male-to-female transmission during sex is about twice as likely to occur as female-to-male transmission. However, relatively simple precautions can be taken to reduce the likelihood of HIV transmission during sexual activity, so this physiologic disadvantage is not a sufficient explanation for the rising inconsistency in the way men and women are infected and affected by HIV/AIDS.

African women are 2.5 times more likely to become HIV-infected than their male counterparts. This vulnerability to the disease is heightened by the high-risk behavior of the men; due primarily to inadequate knowledge about HIV/AIDS, poor resource-base and insufficient access to HIV prevention services, inability to negotiate safer sex and a lack of female-controlled HIV prevention methods including microbicides. Among the women, this situation is most noticeable among women during their childbearing ages of 15-Up.

There are larger numbers of commercial female sex workers (CSWs) is operating all over the country, Bangladesh, significantly increases the risk of bridging the high risk groups and moving infection into the general population. Men, who frequently visit commercial sex areas and have sex with female sex workers and also with their wives, function as a bridging population and significantly aid the confluence of HIV/STDs into the general population. While, the majority of AIDS cases In Bangladesh are the results of needle sharing.

Commercial sex is often considered as the highest risk segment of the population whereby one could get HIV or STD due to the high-risk sex activity itself and the often-additional injurious high-risk behaviors practiced by sex workers e.g. IDU. CSWs are the principal transmitters of HIV in many countries.

In some countries, including Bangladesh, presence of prostitution and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is systematically denied, being considered a taboo by the majority of the society. There is no official record of the prevalence of residence base & fleeting sex workers in Bangladesh. Lack of any reliable records of the underground sex industry makes the data shaky. Sex workers in Bangladesh are suffering from unavailability of medical services and knowledge about STIs. Social stigmatization stops these resource-deprived women from seeking proper medical care.

In Bangladesh, commercial female sex workers (CSWs) are among the most vulnerable groups. Most of them CSWs are the age of teen. Their profession exposes them to tremendous risk and increases the likelihood of their partners/customers also being infected. The Rainbow Nari O Shishu Kallyan Foundation and ‘Society for Humanitarian Assistance & Rights Protection’ (SHARP) jointly survey focuses on the attitude, behavior and practice of commercial sex workers in Goalondo Brothel, this study did point out that almost 53% of sex workers enter the profession before the age of 20 years, and 30% enter between 20 to 25 years of age.

Bangladesh is still considered as a low HIV/AIDS prevalent country; but everyone buying sex in Bangladesh is having unprotected sex some of the time, and a large majority don’t use condoms regularly. The fourth national surveillance also found a high prevalence of syphilis among female sex workers. The same floating sex workers in central Bangladesh who had a 0.5 percent prevalence of HIV, for example, had a 42.7 percent prevalence of syphilis. Bangladesh mostly needs comprehensive approach to both sex worker’s rights and deal with HIV/AIDS crises. HIV/AIDS prevention programme, to be truly effective, must include parallel economic and educational initiatives for sex workers. If HIV continues to infect sex workers, it will have an all-round effect on our economic development and also on the overall income of the family. Because, sex workers in Bangladesh gets a high number of client in a week.

References: WHO, UNICEF, CDC

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HIV/AIDS in Cambodia – where to next?

©Sally McMillan/MSF ©Sally McMillan/MSF

With a population of about 14 million, the vast majority of whom live on less than 2 USD a day, Cambodia ranks as one of the poorest countries in Asia. Struggling to rebuild itself following its tumultuous past, a weak public health system means that only one-fifth of the population has an operational health facility in their village. Moreover, the quality of health services is so poor that people are often forced to pay for private care.

HIV/AIDS is the main focus of Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) in Cambodia. Although HIV prevalence, currently 1.9%, is low compared to many African nations, there are still approximately 180,000 people affected by the disease in the country. MSF’s HIV/AIDS program is its largest in Asia and teams are working providing antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for over 7000 patients.

Vanna is one of these patients. She lives in the rural province of Takeo, in southwest Cambodia. She is 45 years old. She tested positive for HIV four years ago and since then has struggled to cope with the discrimination that she faces within her own community. Vanna's income consists of the small amount of money that she can earn from growing vegetables, but since contracting HIV, she's found it difficult to be able to make any money and provide for her four children.

With a high level of stigma still attached to HIV in Cambodia, some people in Vanna's small village think they will 'catch' the disease from her and so will not buy produce from her market stall. Her son works for a farmer to bring in a small income for the family. Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is working to combat the stigma affecting patients like Vanna by offering treatment in chronic disease clinics. In these clinics, patients are treated alongside diabetes and hypertension patients, where their HIV status does not have to be necessarily apparent.

Vanna has been coming to the MSF chronic diseases clinic in Takeo since she was diagnosed with HIV and has been taking life-extending ARV drugs for the last three years. Previously very frail, the drugs have allowed Vanna to put on 14 kilograms and overall, she feels much better. Although often a tiring process for some patients, she has no problem adhering to the drug regime: "It doesn't bother me that I have to take the drugs every day for the rest of my life," she says. "The ARVs are saving me so I am very happy".

Tuberculosis – the challenge continues
The work of MSF, along with a plethora of NGOs and a strong will from the Cambodian government to improve the situation, means that the fight against HIV/AIDS in Cambodia is in full force. However, the country is now facing another significant health crisis, with tuberculosis (TB) rapidly emerging to be a major concern. Tuberculosis is one of the most common co-infections of HIV/AIDS and a leading cause of death in patients. And it is not just HIV/AIDS patients that are affected.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) reported in 2006 that Cambodia has the 22nd highest TB burden worldwide. Approximately two-thirds of all Cambodians carry the tuberculosis bacterium, and around 13,000 die annually from the disease.

With statistics like this, in a context where the government has been slow to react and also does not have the resources to provide an adequate solution right now, the need for better treatment and diagnosis is acute. TB is a highly infectious disease, and patients have to undergo treatment, with drugs developed fifty years ago, for periods of 6-8 months to which they must strictly adhere.

The problem does not stop there. Yet another obstacle facing Cambodia is the emergence of multi drug resistant TB (MDR-TB). "TB is the main challenge in Cambodia", says Laurent Ferradini, MSF's medical coordinator. "There are problems with drugs in terms of supply and cost and we are very concerned about the emergence of MDR-TB. This has the potential to be a huge issue in the near future. The situation is bad and largely uncontrolled." The treatment for the multi-drug resistant form of the disease is extremely costly, and patients must follow a strict regime for two years and suffer side effects including severe nausea. What's more, there is no guarantee that MDR-TB can be cured.

At the HIV/AIDS inpatient ward in Kompong Cham to which MSF provides support, a staggering 75% of patients are affected by TB. Kiri (pictured) is HIV positive and also has TB. She has no family to take care of her. There are many patients just like Kiri in Cambodia without family, and without financial means to seek treatment. Fortunately, Kiri was able to make it to the MSF clinic to receive the essential drugs she needs.

MSF is currently scaling up its focus on TB in Cambodia by renovating existing facilities and building new wards in order to be able to provide care for the growing number of TB patients. It is hoped that the fight against HIV/AIDS will be equalled with a strong effort against TB, both from the national program and international actors, to combat the rapid emergence of this much-neglected disease.

There are still between 25,000 and 30,000 people in urgent need of ARV treatment in Cambodia. Currently, MSF teams are working to treat HIV/AIDS patients in five locations: Takeo, Siem Reap, Oddar Meanchay, Phnom Penh and Kompong Cham. In two of these sites, Takeo and Siem Reap, teams are also treating other chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension.

MSF has been working in Cambodia since 1989.

The patients' names in this article have been changed.

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The brutal truth of Aids in Cambodia

Drugs have saved Sray Neing from death

The International Aids Conference in Bangkok is pushing for greater availability of HIV drugs under the slogan "Access for All".

Patrick Nicholson, a press officer with the aid agency Cafod, has travelled to Cambodia to investigate what that means for a poor country struggling to keep the HIV epidemic in check.

The Venerable Hoeun Somnieg rises before dawn to meditate at his pagoda, situated near Cambodia's mythic Angkor Wat Temples.

Twenty of his fellow monks join him, chanting in rhythm, as they bow their heads to the Lord Buddha.

The saffron robes, the swirls of incense, and the golden Buddha statue - an ascetic life of contemplation and study.

The future was desperate. I had to act to stop the suffering. The Venerable Hoeun Somnieg

But Venerable Somnieg's day will be acutely different from his predecessors - he is on Cambodia's frontline in the fight against HIV and Aids.

Over the last decade, the monks in Siem Reap were being asked to give blessings at more and more funerals of poor villagers who had died of Aids.

Ostracised families

Cambodia's HIV infections have rocketed to 3%, the highest in South East Asia.

Whole families were ostracised from village life, as their neighbours grew scared of catching a disease they did not understand.

"The future was desperate. I had to act to stop the suffering," said Venerable Somnieg.

Seven months ago, he started to work on providing prevention and care with the support of British aid agency Cafod providing counselling, education and care.

Cambodia is one of the world's poorest countries, with a third of the population living on less than a dollar a day.

The country's infrastructure is still recovering from two decades of civil war and the aftermath of the tyranny of the Khymer Rouge.

The country does not have hospitals to cope with the HIV epidemic. From birth to death, less than 1% of the population are ever treated by a government doctor.

Spreading the message

Infection rates are very high

Perched on the back of a moped, as Buddhist teaching prevents monks from driving, Venerable Somnieg travels to a small hamlet to speak with a group of people with Aids.

Once muscular wiry farmers, their bodies are now emaciated with illness, their faces have become drawn, and their skin scaly and lifeless.

"Buddha taught that good health is an important part of spiritual health," said Venerable Somnieg.

He teaches the people to eat properly, stay clean, and exercise.

He listens to their problems, answers their questions about Aids, and gives psychological counselling on how to come to terms with their ill health.

The monks work with Aids patients has broken down the stigma - now the whole villages supports those who are ill.

The meeting ends with meditation and a blessing of holy water - a symbol of life for Buddhists.

Sex bars

Fast forward to the plethora of sex bars in the capital Phnom Penh. Loud karaoke blares, while beer girls offer customers a choice of drinks and more.

Brothels are common place - ranging from the high priced joints catering to foreigners to small huts on the banks of the Mekong where you can pay the equivalent of a couple of pence.

Despite South-East Asia's reputation for sex tourism, the overwhelming majority of prostitutes in Cambodia cater to other Cambodians.

The girls come from poor families in the countryside.

They can earn much more here than at home. It is a difficult choice. For some there is no choice.

If I refuse to sleep with them without a condom then they just rape me anyway. Kea, a 20-year-old prostitute

Kea is a 20-year-old prostitute working in Phnom Penh. Her previous boyfriend sold her to the brothel.

He tricked her into signing a contract with the brothel owners that meant she has to work there to pay off his $100 debt to them.

Gangs of men regularly rape her.

One man gives her extra to come to the fields to use her - an irresistible $5.

When she arrives, there are five or six men waiting, who rape her in turn.

Condoms rare

The government has a well-publicised 100% condom use in brothels campaign. But Tea said that only about one in ten men want to use condoms.

Monks spread the prevention message

She said: "If I refuse to sleep with them without a condom then they just rape me anyway so what can I do."

Her eyes are expressionless. They are dead - the eyes of someone who has born the unbearable.

The biggest increase in new infections is now from husband to wife, and from new mother to her baby.

One of the key responses by the government and aid workers is education.

Local community leaders in Sang Ang province go into the villages with simple flip charts showing how HIV is transmitted and how to avoid becoming infected.

Too late

For Lon Hieng and her family it has come too late.

She lives with her parents in their typical farmhouse on stilts. Her husband was a taxi driver in Phnom Penh, where he would visit brothels, and return to her at the weekend.

He died five years ago of Aids related infections.

"I was very angry with my husband when I found out he tested positive for HIV," she said.

"Men in Cambodia need to stay faithful to their wives."

She is now infected with the virus.

She found out her second child was HIV positive a year ago. She took the daughter to the hospital in the capital to get the anti-retro viral drugs that will block the HIV virus, but they did not have any left. The girl has just died.

Despite the drugs necessary to stop mother-to-child infections costing less than 50 pence, there are not enough available.

Many orphans

Health workers in Cambodia are predicting a tidal wave of 200,000 children orphaned by Aids within five years. At least 15,000 will be HIV positive.

A few will be taken in by one of the four orphanages run by John Tucker in Phnom Penh.

He is a brash big-hearted American from Ohio, a former businessman who has given it all up and come with his wife to help the children of Cambodia.

But he can only help a fraction. He has room for 200 children with HIV, and he said it is the only project in the country providing anti-retroviral drugs to such children.

Many of the children who come to the orphanage are found abandoned on the streets, close to death.

Sray Neing, aged three, weighed only six pounds when they took her in. The photo they have of her then shows little more than a tiny skeleton.

Six months after receiving anti-retroviral drug therapy, she is a plump healthy looking 22 pounds.

"The drugs work. They can extend somebody's life by 15 to 20 years. By then we might have a cure, " said Tucker.

No access to drugs

Despite Cambodia being a World Health Organisation target country for access to Aids drugs, only 3000 people receive them out of 170,000 infected with HIV.

A course of drugs for one of the children costs about $500 per year, including secondary care. Tucker said.

"It is a question of money, it is a question of political will by the international community."

The government of Cambodia has been singled out for its good work on HIV/AIDS, but ministers say it still does not have the money to properly tackle the epidemic.

The stark alternative to providing the necessary funds is highlighted by one of the hospices in Phnom Penh.

It takes people off the streets, and provides beds and around the clock healthcare for them in the last days of their illness.

The need is greater than the number of beds.

It is a bleak indictment of the international response to the HIV epidemic that only the lucky few in Phnom Penh will have a bed to die in with dignity.

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India's HIV Victims Find Solace In Marriage

Taking medicines on time is a big part of a successful marriage for Ravi and Nima, an HIV-positive couple who met as a direct result of the enduring stigma attached to AIDS in India.


They met through a non-profit marriage bureau in India's western state of Gujarat that caters exclusively to HIV-infected people, setting up introductions and helping with legal issues for couples who choose to marry.

The UNAIDS agency says some 2.5 million Indians are living with HIV, many of them ostracised by their communities.

"My father disowned me when I told him about my disease. I was lonely and needed a companion to live and enjoy the last few years of my life," said 38-year-old Ravi, a shopkeeper who contracted the infection from a sex worker.

His wife Nima tested HIV positive in 2004 when she went for a medical check-up to confirm a pregnancy. She contracted the virus from her first husband who died in 2006.

"I felt cheated and wanted to commit suicide after my husband died but I decided to marry again and work for the widows of HIV patients," Nima said.

The Gujarat Marriage Bureau for People Living with AIDS was the first of its kind when it set up in 2005, but there are now eight similar agencies across India, most of them established by people living with HIV.

In the past four years, the Gujarat agency has arranged marriages for around 300 people.

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Cambodia's Condom Campaign at Risk, Faces Fresh HIV Epidemic

Threats to a successful Cambodian condom campaign has raised fears the country could experience a second epidemic of the disease, health officials said Wednesday.


Tia Phalla, of Cambodia's National AIDS Authority, said the country's so-called 100 percent condom use programme, which provides sex education and distributes condoms to sex workers, "is facing difficulties" because of a new anti-sex trafficking law and lack of financial support.

Police began a crackdown on brothels after the new law was passed in February, which has reportedly forced prostitutes to leave condoms behind as they move from place to place.

"Enforcement of the anti-trafficking law harms the 100 percent condom use in brothels," Tia Phalla told a three-day national AIDS conference in Phnom Penh.

The percentage of sex workers who consistently used condoms with clients had already begun to drop to 94 percent in 2007 from 96 percent in 2003, according to AIDS authority data.

Additionally, only six of the country's 24 provinces and cities currently have funds to carry out the programme, Tia Phalla said.

"The main risk of a second wave of HIV infections occuring in Cambodia is from female sex workers, their clients and sweethearts," said a statement by the AIDS authority.

Before the 100 percent condom use programme began, Cambodia's overall HIV rate was the worst in the region, peaking at 3.7 percent of the population in 1997. Rates among prostitutes were estimated at 40 percent.

The aggressive condom and sex education campaign is believed to have helped drop Cambodia's overall HIV prevalence to 0.9 percent.

Source-AFP
SRM

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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HIV/AIDS

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a kind of virus which ravages the immune system of human.
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is a group of symptoms which exists when the immune system becomes weak.
TRANSMISSION MODE




HIV can transmit through 3 main ways on :
1. Unprotected sexual intercourse with person who is HIV positive
2. Through blood infected with HIV via transfusion or sharing sharp materials
such as needles or syringes contaminated with blood containing HIV
3. Through pregnant women infected with HIV to her baby with three steps:

▪ In the uterus
▪ At the time of birth
▪ During breastfeeding

Hiv can not transmit through

*

Public contact in a society
*

Sharing public toilets or bathrooms or swimming pool
*

Insect bite or sting
*

A visit to PLWA or kissing or hand shaking
*

Having meal together or live in the same house

Prevention:

*

Use condom regularly during sexual intercourse.
*

Do not share sharp materials such as needles or syringes with others


AIDS TREATMENT



Until present time, no single has scientist found a way to destroy HIV; they can only have a medicine to prolong the life of PLWA (People living with AIDS). HIV does not kill human directly; it just ravages the immune system which makes persons infected with HIV easily get other diseases such as opportunity diseases so in order to cure AIDS is to cure the opportunity diseases.

The opportunity diseases which are mostly frequently found in

* Tuberculosis
* Respiratory manifestation: Pneumocystis Carinii
* Encephalitis
* Digestion manifestation
* Skin diseases
* Ganglion infection


SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE



Sexual diseases are kinds of disease which spread through on sexual intercourse without protection.

The main sexual diseases are:

* Syphilis
* Gonorrhea
* Wart
* Herpes
* Hepatitis B and C

Sexual transmitted diseases remains side effects seriously in the future if the person infected with HIV does not get treatment or proper treatment. If you have sexual disease and never had proper treatment before, you are at higher risk to be infected with HIV compared to normal persons during sexual intercourse with the partner HIV positive by not using any protections such as condom.

Treatment

Therefore, if you have any one of sexual transmitted diseases, to avoid side effects in the future, you should bear in mind that you along with your partners must be hurry to see doctors at health centers, referral hospitals, and other NGOs clinics; this is the most effective method.

Prevention

* Use condom regularly during sexual intercourse.
* Do not share sharp materials such as needles or syringes with others

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